Younger Dryas / Dryas III

Dryas III version 1.1.0

The map is approximately representing the timeslice:

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The archive contains different files. A processed high resolution Geotiff in UTM 33N (1200 dpi), a processed JPG in UTM 33N (300 dpi), the raw Geotiff in WGS84, the used Source SHP File with their secondary files, the “sources map” PDF and the release notes PDF.

The processed UTM 33N Geotiff and JPG are designed for simple and direct usage, while the raw WGS84 Geotiff is for work in different map projections. The original SHP-Files are for work with alternative colour ramps or detailed insight on the used sources and specific reasons for interpolation.

This is map version 1.1. The map extend is defined from 12°W to 44°E and 43°N to 72°N. All Data were digitalised from different sources (See sources map) which are listed further down on this site.

The modern coastline is derived from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com), large lakes were added from the “WISE Large rivers and large lakes” dataset provided by the European Environment Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/wise-large-rivers-and-large-lakes). Finally the shaded elevation is calculated on the “GEBCO One Minute Grid” from the “GEBCO Gridded bathymetric Data” (https://www.gebco.net/).

The maps were produced with QGIS 3.

• Fennoscandian ice sheet data that is not corresponding with Stroeven et al. 2017 was removed and replaced by either water or land areas
• Coast lines where partially interpolated due to missing data (different ice sheet sizes), based on extrapolation from other sources
• Parts of the North Sea have been interpolated based on data provided by Harff et al. 2017 (See Preboreal I map for more information)
• The British coast line from Brooks et al. 2011 was assumed as the mean value of the 10000 and 13000 BP maps
• Sea level for the Adriatic sea was set to -45 m a.s.l. based on sea level curve from Moscon et al. 2015
• Sea level for the Black sea was set to -90 m a.s.l. based on sea level curve from Lericolais 2017
• The coastlines of Mezen Bay and Kanin Peninsula were interpolated to fit the coastline from Pasanen et al. 2010
• Minor adjustments were made to smoothen the coastline

Björck, S. 1995. A review of the history of the Baltic Sea, 13.0-8.0 ka BP. Quaternary International 27, 19–40.

Brooks, A. J., Bradley, S. L., Edwards, R. J. and Goodwyn, N. 2011. The palaeogeography of Northwest Europe during the last 20,000 years. Journal of Maps 7, 573-587.

Clark, C.D., Hughes, A.L., Greenwood, S.L., Jordan, C.J., Sejrup, H.P., 2012. Pattern and timing of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews 44, 112-146.

Edwards, R., Brooks, E., 2008. The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge?, In: Davenport, J.J., Sleeman, D.P., Woodman, P.C. (Eds.), Mind the Gap: Postglacial Colonisa, pp. 19-34.

Hughes A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J., Svendsen, J. I. 2016, The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1. Boreas 45, 1–45

Jakobsson, M., Björck, S., Alm, G., Andrén, T., Lindeberg, G., Svensson, N.-O., 2007. Reconstructing the Younger Dryas ice dammed lake in the Baltic Basin: Bathymetry, area and volume. Global and Planetary Change 57, 355-370.

Lemke, W., Jensen, J.B., Bennike, O., Endler, R., Witkowski, A., Kuijpers, A., 2002. Spät- und postglaziale Flüsse und Seen in der heutigen westlichen Ostsee. Greifswalder Geographische Arbeiten 26, 73-77.

Lericolais, G., 2017. Late Pleistocene Environmental Factors defining the Black Sea, and Submerged Landscapes on the Western Continental Shelf, Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 479-495.

Moscon, G., Corregiari, A., Stefani, C., Fontana, A. and Remia, A. 2015. Very-high resolution analysis of a transgessive deposit in the Northern Adriactic sea (Italy). Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary 28, 121-129.

Pasanen, A., Lunkka, J.P., Putkinen, N., 2010. Reconstruction of the White Sea Basin during the late Younger Dryas. Boreas 39, 273-285.

Patton, H., Hubbard, A., Andreassen, K., Auriac, A., Whitehouse, P.L., Stroeven, A.P., Shackleton, C., Winsborrow, M., Heyman, J., Hall, A.M., 2017. Deglaciation of the Eurasian ice sheet complex. Quaternary Science Reviews 169, 148-172.

Seguinot, J., Ivy-Ochs, S., Jouvet, G., Huss, M., Funk, M., Preusser, F., 2018. Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps. The Cryosphere 12, 3265-3285.

Stroeven, A.P., Hättestrand, C., Kleman, J., Heyman, J., Fabel, D., Fredin, O., Goodfellow, B.W., Harbor, J.M., Jansen, J.D., Olsen, L., Caffee, M.W., Fink, D., Lundqvist, J., Rosqvist, G.C., Strömberg, B., Jansson, K.N., 2016. Deglaciation of Fennoscandia. Quaternary Science Reviews 147, 91-121.

Subetto, D., Zobkov, M., Potakhin, M., Tarasov, A., 2017. Paleoreconstructions of Lake Onego. Development in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.

Weaver, A.J., Saenko, O.A., Clark, P.U., Mitrovica, J.X., 2003. Meltwater Pulse 1A from Antarctica as a Trigger of the Bølling-Allerød Warm Interval. Science 299, 1709-1713.